• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    In a method for producing a shaped body, shaped body, in particular a cushion pad of a vehicle seat, the molded body comprising at least one base body (1) and at least one generatively manufactured structure (7), wherein the structure (7) at least partially on the base body (1) and at least partially built up on the unfinished structure (7) by means of a print head for dispensing material, the structure (7) is constructed in the form of a resilient, substantially spring-back structure.
    公开号:AT521066A1
    申请号:T78/2018
    申请日:2018-03-22
    公开日:2019-10-15
    发明作者:Janz Michael；Naue Anton
    申请人:Alba Tooling & Eng Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Method for producing a shaped body, in particular a padded support of a vehicle seat, the molded body comprising at least one main body.
    Generative manufacturing processes, also called 3D printing methods, are characterized by the fact that the structure of a shaped body takes place in layers. Usually, each line or pointwise repeated
    Work level and moved site selectively applied material and the work plane then moved up. The layer thicknesses are depending on the application between 0.025 and 1.25 mm. The basis for 3D printing processes are computer models of the object to be manufactured, which can be generated, for example, with the aid of CAD software. In this case, a height layer plan of the object to be produced is produced, in which a production grid is generated for each layer, which defines to which cells of the grid site-selective manufacturing or construction material to be stored and solidified.
    In the methods known as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) or Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), a molded article of a meltable plastic is built up in layers. For this purpose, a first
    Liquefaction of a supplied in the form of wire or granules from a supply of material plastic or waxy material (filament or granules) by heating and subsequently the application of the liquefied material by extrusion through a nozzle and finally a hardening of the material by cooling at the desired position of the working plane , The material application can be strand-shaped or punctiform
    22/03/2018 15:50 / 23
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    No. 2038 p. 5 • * 2 «. If overhangs, undercuts and openings in the horizontal direction can not be generated cantilevered, a so-called support structure must be made of a support material. The support material can also be discharged via an extruder nozzle or a print head, wherein the print head of a. Material supply is different, which is different from the intended for the molding body material.
    Forming waxes and thermoplastics, such as e.g. Polyolefins polyethylene, polypropylene, polylactide, ABS, PETG and thermoplastic elastomers can be used. Furthermore, under certain circumstances, polychloroprene and polyurethane are also suitable for processing in the abovementioned processes, the temperature control for these groups of substances being much more difficult to adjust.
    Conventional 3D printers, in particular those for carrying out an FDM method, have at least one production head or printhead and a build platform, which are arranged so as to be displaceable relative to one another both in the working direction in the plane of a layer and in the feed direction relative to the thickness of the layers are.
    Preferably, the construction platform is rigid or merely height-adjustable, and the print head, which is usually replaceably received in a carrier, can be positioned or moved in two dimensions in a plane or three-dimensionally in space with the aid of a positioning system.
    The positioning system distinguishes between a Cartesian system and a so-called delta system. The / 23
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    No. 2038 p. 6
    The Cartesian principle is modeled on a portal milling machine, wherein the positioning of the carrier takes place with the aid of three driven linear axes, which span the three-dimensional installation space with the coordinate axes X, Y and Z. The delta printer uses the principle of parallelogram kinematics and can be programmed so that the carrier is easily swiveled. A three-dimensional positioning is realized here by the method of three driven, triangular spanning axes in the vertical direction, which hold the carrier.
    Furthermore, a distinction is made in the case of the FDM-based 3D printers between two basic principles of material handling. In the so-called DirectDrive a feed device, such as a conveyor motor z for the filament is positioned directly above the printhead (hot-end). This allows precise control of material flow through the extruder nozzle of the printhead. In the case of the Bowden cable system, by contrast, the feed device is not mounted above the print head but at a fixed position, for example on the outer frame of the printer. A Bowden cable, inside which the filament is guided, connects the feed device to the print head.
    3D printing processes have already been used in the prior art for the production of upholstery and upholstery, in particular for motor vehicles. For example, US2018 / 0043805A1 discloses a method of manufacturing a seat in which various padding members are formed in the form of a network of polymers made by a 3D printing process. Printing the / 23
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    No. 2038 p. 7
    Upholstery is here as described above on a building platform and the finished upholstery elements are attached in a row on a base body, which is accomplished by snap-in connections, Befestigungsseieraente, adhesives and ultrasonic welding. While US2018 / 0043805A1 discloses an up-to-date, flexible and cost-effective approach to making vehicle seats with respect to the manufacture of upholstery elements, this does not yet fully exhaust the potential for efficient production of vehicle seats for mass production since it is still necessary to use the machine-made ones To attach upholstered elements in a separate step on the seat.
    It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method in which it is possible to dispense with a fastening step for the poster elements produced by means of 3D printing methods, in order in this way to make vehicle seats and similar products, in which poster elements are formed from plastics, particularly efficient. automated as possible and thus able to produce as cost-effective as possible with high flexibility with regard to the shape and arrangement of the upholstery elements.
    To solve this problem, a method of the type mentioned for producing a molded body, comprising at least one base body and at least one generatively fabricated structure, according to the invention is characterized in that the structure at least partially on the body and at least partially on the unfinished structure by means of a Printhead for dispensing material / 23
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    No. 2038 p. 8
    is constructed, wherein the structure is constructed in the form of a resilient, substantially spring-back structure. In the method according to the invention, therefore, the 3D printing is not done on a construction platform, which does not become part of the finished product, but the upholstery is 3D printed directly on a body of the seat, whereby the body and structure of the product are obtained directly and are materially interconnected , Subsequent attachment of the upholstery elements is eliminated and the cushion support for the vehicle seat is obtained immediately. The method according to the invention can thus be completely automated and is therefore particularly efficient.
    The molded body comprising the main body and the structure (upholstery elements) is usually set as a cushion support on a metal support frame for a vehicle seat to form the vehicle seat.
    For the production of upholstery elements for the
    Vehicle construction suitable properties, the inventive method is preferably further developed such that the structure in the form of a network, preferably three-dimensional network and / or a porous matrix is constructed. The decision as to whether an open network or a porous matrix, which can be printed with open or closed pores or as a mixed form with open and closed pores, is made depending on the materials used and the desired strength of the pad Factors such as good ventilation and, not least, weight considerations play a role.
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    No. 2038.S. 9
    Hatfner & Keschmann ···· • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
    Various materials are suitable for 3D printing of the construction, and the present invention is by no means limited to any materials mentioned herein. However, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the structure is constructed of a material selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polylactides and polyolefins such as polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate. With these materials, an inventive structure can be printed as a cushion or upholstery element, which has good mechanical properties and a long service life.
    The main body forms in the context of the present invention, the substrate for the structure for forming the shaped body, such as the vehicle seat. Accordingly, the base body is provided substantially in a three-dimensional shape corresponding to that of the shaped body to be produced. If a vehicle seat is to be produced with printed upholstery elements, the base body can thus be provided in a shell-like shape. Preferably, the base body is provided here as a spatial sheet. ·
    However, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is also possible to proceed in such a way that the base body is provided in a form which is relatively unspecific for the future product, and the shaped body, i. the base body with the printed padding elements is subjected to a deformation step, in particular at elevated pressure and / or elevated temperature. This can be advantageous if the / 23
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    No. 2038 p. 10
    Printer can only print in the plane and the head is not swiveling to follow the bulges of a bowl-shaped body by pivoting. The upholstery elements are thus printed on a flat base body and the molded body thus obtained is then deformed accordingly to obtain the cup-shaped configuration of a seat.
    The physical properties of the body are for the final product of essential importance, since the body is not like a construction platform, as it is known in the art of 3D printing, separated from the product after printing, but is materially connected to this and forms the molding. The main body is therefore provided according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention in the form of a network, preferably as a non-woven, as a three-dimensional network and / or as a porous matrix. This allows high
    Strengths with low weight and costs. Furthermore, with the same advantages, the base body is made of a material selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polylactides and polyolefins, such as e.g. Polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate, as in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
    If necessary, according to a preferred
    Embodiment of the present invention, the body before coating the structure coated with a plastic and / or wetted, preferably with an acrylic resin and / or polychloroprene, to improve the strength or fluid resistance of the body. Acrylic resin is usually poured, sprayed or / 23
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    No. 2038 p. 11 • ··· ···································································
    ·. G. · .. .. · .i ..;
    rolled on. Polychloroprene can also be applied to the base body in this way and develops thermosetting properties during curing. However, polychloroprene can be applied at the appropriate temperature in the printhead also with oD pressure and then cure to pseudo-plastic, which is particularly important for the present invention, as this procedure allows to limit the process to the application of 3D printing, Thus, a corresponding production line for a vehicle seat can be kept uniform and thus further positive cost effects can be booked.
    It is well known that 3D printing makes it possible to produce virtually any three-dimensional shape. This is in the production of vehicle seats of great importance, since the customer should be offered more and more different equipment variants of a vehicle type, which not only but also in the design of the vehicle seats and their upholstery can differ. For example, variants of vehicle seats are conceivable, which are particularly favorable variants that are characterized by particularly high comfort and variants that have a particularly good lateral support for a sporty driving feel. The present invention is particularly suitable for inexpensively producing these equipment variants if the base body is provided with structures for the production of different variants of molded bodies and the structure is constructed according to the desired variant coordinated with correspondingly selected structures, as corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the present invention , It is thus according to this preferred embodiment of the / 23
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    No. 2038 p. 12 of the present invention, the same basic body is always provided and, depending on the equipment variant, different structures are used for printing taken into account the structure or the upholstery elements. This means that different structures are included in the printing or released, different structures are hidden or further developed by printing solid structures before the structure is printed in the form of upholstery elements. Thus, different vehicle seats can be made of the same base bodies with regard to the strength of individual cushion areas, with regard to the presence or absence of individual cushion elements and / or with regard to the concealment or release of openings for straps,
    Fasteners for child seats, ventilation ducts and the like are created.
    Preferably, for this purpose, the structures are designed as limited surfaces, optionally different roughness, as recesses, elevations and / or recesses.
    By means of 3D printing, any plastic structures can be produced. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inventive method is further developed such that the structure of a
    Surface structure such as a textile substitute and / or leather substitute is constructed comprehensively. It ; is therefore no longer necessary to cover the upholstery elements after construction, but the surface structure or
    Cover layer is printed, so that the finished
    Shaped body is obtained immediately.
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    No. 2038 p. 13
    Normally, when 3D printing, the build platform is clamped in a pressure chamber of the 3D printer so that its location relative to the print head is clearly defined. In the context of the present invention, however, it is conceivable to convey the main body on a conveyor belt to the printer and to spend after printing the assembly on the same conveyor belt from the printer and for further assembly. In order to achieve the necessary precision of the arrangement of
    To allow upholstery elements, the invention is preferably further developed such that the position of the base body detected relative to the print head and the control of the print head is adapted to the position of the body. Such position detection is possible with modern cameras or 3D scanners and corresponding computer systems and can therefore be implemented in the context of the present invention.
    The product according to the invention is produced according to the process of the invention just presented and is characterized in that the base body and the structure are materially interconnected.
    Inventive products can take many forms. Preferably, however, the product is as a vehicle seat, as part of a vehicle seat, e.g. designed as an armrest or headrest, or as a trim part for a vehicle.
    The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. In this show:
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    No. 2038 p. 14
    ri
    1 shows a representation of a basic body for use in the method according to the invention,
    Fig. 2 is an illustration of a main body with padding elements constructed thereon according to a first variant and
    Fig. 3 is an illustration of a base body with padding elements constructed thereon according to a second variant
    In Fig. 1, the basic body is generally designated by the reference numeral 1. The base body 1 in the present case has a dish-like or trough-shaped form, but it can take any shape that is suitable for producing a padded shaped body. In particular, the base body 1 may also have a shape that corresponds to only a part of a vehicle seat, for example, a cushion support for a backrest, wherein the finished molded body can be set as a cushion support on a metallic support frame (not shown) for a vehicle seat to the vehicle seat form. In the case of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, the main body 1 essentially shows a seating area 2 and a backrest region 3, which may be formed in one or more parts and, in particular, may also be connected to one another in an articulated manner. The body further has structures for different functionalities of the molding or vehicle seat. Among these structures, elevations 4, ventilation slots 5 and belt passages 6 are to be mentioned.
    The main body 1 can now be printed as described with a 3D printer in order to obtain a material connection between the base body and the structure.
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    No. 2038 p. 15
    In Fig. 2 it can be seen that according to a first variant, the structures Gurtdurchführungen 6 and elevations 4 were overprinted with a resilient pad assembly 7 and only the structures vents 5 were left to allow the ventilation of the lumbar region of a person.
    According to a second equipment variant, which is shown schematically in Figure 3, it is possible in the context of the present invention, for example, in addition to the ventilation slots 5 and the belt passages 6, possibly for sports straps release and the structure of these structures of the ventilation slots 5 and belt passages build up coordinated.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
    claims:
    1. A method for producing a molded body, in particular a cushion pad of a vehicle seat, the molding comprising at least one base body (1) and at least one generatively fabricated structure (7), wherein the structure (7) at least partially on the base body (1) and at least is partially built on the unfinished structure (7) by means of a print head for dispensing material, wherein the structure (7) is constructed in the form of a resilient, substantially spring-back structure.
    [2]
    2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the structure (7) is constructed in the form of a network, preferably a three-dimensional network and / or a porous matrix.
    [3]
    A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the assembly (7) is made of a material selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polylactides and polyolefins, e.g. Polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate is built.
    [4]
    4. The method of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the shaped body is subjected to a deformation step, in particular at elevated pressure and / or elevated temperature.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the base body (1) in the form of a network, preferably as. Fleece, is provided as a three-dimensional network and / or as a porous matrix.
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    No. 2038 p. 17 ► · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to S, wherein the base body (1) made of a material selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polylactides and polyolefins such. Polyethylene and
    Polyethylene terephthalate is provided.
    [7]
    7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the base body (1) prior to building the structure (7) coated with a plastic and / or wetted, preferably with an acrylic resin and / or polychloroprene.
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the base body (1) with structures (4,5,6) for the production of different variants of moldings is provided and the structure depending on the desired variant on appropriately selected structures (4,5 , 6) is set up in a coordinated manner.
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the structures (4,5,6) are formed as limited surfaces optionally different roughness, as depressions, elevations and / or recesses.
    [10]
    10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the structure (7) has a surface structure such. a textile substitute and / or leather substitute is constructed comprehensively.
    [11]
    11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the position of the base body (1) detected relative to the print head and the control of the print head to the position of the base body (1) is adjusted.
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    March 22, 2018 15:50 Haffner & Keschmann
    No. 2038 p. 18 ·· • le
    [12]
    12. Product produced according to one of claims 1 to 11, comprising a base body (1) and one with the main body (1) materially connected structure.
    [13]
    Product according to claim 12, characterized in that the product is used as a vehicle seat, as part of a vehicle seat, e.g. is designed as an armrest or headrest, or as a trim part for a vehicle.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AT521066B1|2021-12-15|
    EP3542990A1|2019-09-25|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE102017103085A1|2016-02-16|2017-08-17|Ford Global Technologies, Llc|DEFORMABLE ARMREST WITH AN ARRANGEMENT PATTERN OF CHANNELS|
    DE102011010047A1|2011-02-01|2011-12-15|Daimler Ag|Plastic mold for cushion e.g. back cushion, of motor car, has resilient deformable spring elements coupled together and comprising screw, fasteners and honeycomb and/or grating structure|
    US10695992B2|2014-12-31|2020-06-30|3D Systems, Inc.|System and method for 3D printing on permeable materials|
    US10343565B2|2016-08-11|2019-07-09|Ford Global Technologies, Llc|Ventilated seat cushion|DE102020200960A1|2020-01-28|2021-07-29|Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft|Vehicle seat each with at least one basic structural part and upholstery element produced using 3D printing|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA78/2018A|AT521066B1|2018-03-22|2018-03-22|Process for the production of a shaped body|ATA78/2018A| AT521066B1|2018-03-22|2018-03-22|Process for the production of a shaped body|
    EP19450006.2A| EP3542990A1|2018-03-22|2019-03-21|Method for manufacturing a mould|
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